Original title: Two-Dimensional Materials toward CMOS-Compatible Scalable Quantum Hardware
Mara Lieberegts, Ye Wang · September 2026
Building solid-state quantum computers is hard because chips are difficult to manufacture reliably. Tiny chemical leftovers, disordered structures, and uneven boundaries created during chip making can quickly ruin qubit coherence, which is the fragile state qubits need to hold quantum information. In this paper, researchers examine using two-dimensional materials to solve these fabrication issues. These substances are flat crystals just one atom thick that connect through special weak attractions called van der Waals interfaces. Because industry is already developing them for next-generation standard computer chips, known as CMOS, related manufacturing methods might transfer over to quantum processors. The authors evaluate the specific opportunities and limitations of using these ultra-thin materials to build scalable, CMOS-compatible quantum hardware.
You want to build a super-sensitive microscope that can see individual atoms. The only factory available makes computer chips, but it leaves invisible chemical residues on every surface. Those residues would ruin the microscope's sensitivity. You hear about a material that is just one atom thick and so pure that residues can't stick to it easily. In this paper, the researchers examine whether this thin material can be made in the same computer-chip factory without losing its perfect surface, and what problems still remain.
If 2D materials can be used with standard chip-fabrication processes, quantum computers could be built at scale using existing manufacturing lines. This would drastically lower cost and complexity, moving quantum processors from specialized labs to commercial production. But the same factories that cause defects in normal chips might also damage qubits, so the trade-offs need careful evaluation.
This paper is a perspective, not an experimental study. It does not present new data or a working device. It identifies but does not resolve the limitations of 2D materials for quantum hardware, such as fabrication residues and structural disorder. The analysis is limited to CMOS-compatible processes and does not claim to have solved manufacturability challenges.
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Two-Dimensional Materials toward CMOS-Compatible Scalable Quantum Hardware — Mara Lieberegts, Ye Wang
Abstract licence: CC0
Explanation generated by Synthesis from the abstract — it is not the original paper. This is a preprint, so it hasn't necessarily been peer reviewed.